Part 1 A new mindset for learning and teaching music -- 1 Learning and teaching music in the 21st century -- 2 Teaching music: Old traditions and new approaches -- 3 The psychology og learning music -- 4 How teachers and students envisage music education: Towards changing mentalities -- 5 How to know and analyse conceptions on learning and teaching -- 6 SAPIL: A system for the analysis of instrumental teaching and learning practices -- Part 2 Learning and teaching in the music education -- 7 Early initiation to music learning: Little children are musicians too -- 8 Reading music: The use of scores in music learning and teaching -- 9 The impact of teaching conceptions and practices in early musical instrument learning -- 10 Instrument mastery through expression: the learning of instrumental technique -- 11 Learning music by composing: Redescribing expressive goals on writing them -- 12 Learning music through ICT -- 13 From individual learning to cooperative learning -- 14 Re-thinking the way of assessing students of instruments -- 15 The choir director: Interpreter or maestro? -- 16 Learning outside the music classroom: From informal to formal learning as musical learning cultures -- Part 3 Teacher training, innovation and research -- 17 Training and professional development in musical interpretation teachers: Proposals for changing conceptions and practices -- 18 Student-centred music education: How to improve learning and teaching.